The Mount Mulligan Mine, Queensland incident occurred on 19 September 1921. The mine was known as a safe mine, as there was no detectable gas in the shafts. As a result, miners worked with naked flames as their light instead of utilising safety lamps. This caused an explosion and claimed 75 lives.

A Royal Commission was established to investigate the incident. The findings discovered the explosion was caused by a fire damp (flammable gas found in coal mines) in combination with explosives which were stored, distributed and carried underground in a careless manner.